TURCK圖爾克傳感器是選用光電元件作為檢查元件的傳感器。它首先把被丈量的改動變換成光信號的改動，然后憑借光電元件進一步將光信號變換成電信號。光電傳感器通常由光源、光學通路和光電元件三有些構成。由光通量對光電元件的效果原理不相同所制成的光學測控體系是多種多樣的,按光電元件(光學測控體系)輸出量性質可分二類,即模擬式光電傳感器和脈沖(開關)式光電傳感器.模擬式光電傳感器是將被丈量變換光電傳感器成接連改動的光電流,它與被丈量間呈單值.模擬式光電傳感器按被丈量(檢查方針物體)辦法可分為透射(吸收)式,漫反射式,遮光式(光束阻檔)三大類.透射式是指被測物體放在光路中,恒光源宣布的光能量穿過被測物,部份被吸收后,透射光投射到光電元件上;漫反射式是指恒光源宣布的光投射到被測物上,再從被測物體外表反射后投射到光電元件上;遮光式是指當光源宣布的光通量經被測物光遮其間一部份,使投射剄光電元件上的光通量改動,改動的程度與被測物體在光路方位有關. 光敏二極管是zui常見的光傳感器。

   光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)敏(min)(min)二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)的(de)外型與(yu)通常(chang)二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)相同(tong)，僅僅它(ta)的(de)管(guan)殼上開有(you)一個嵌著玻璃的(de)窗(chuang)口，以(yi)便于(yu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)線射入，為(wei)添加受(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)積，PN結的(de)面(mian)積做得(de)較大(da)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)敏(min)(min)二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)作業在反(fan)向偏置的(de)作業狀態下，并與(yu)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻相串聯，當(dang)(dang)無光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)照(zhao)時(shi)，它(ta)與(yu)通常(chang)二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)相同(tong)，反(fan)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流很小，稱為(wei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)敏(min)(min)二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)的(de)暗(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流；當(dang)(dang)有(you)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)照(zhao)時(shi)，載(zai)(zai)流子被激起，發生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子-空(kong)穴，稱為(wei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) 光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳感器載(zai)(zai)流子。在外電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場的(de)效果下，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)載(zai)(zai)流子參于(yu)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，形成比暗(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流大(da)得(de)多的(de)反(fan)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，該反(fan)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流稱為(wei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)巨(ju)細與(yu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)照(zhao)強(qiang)度(du)成正(zheng)比，所以(yi)在負(fu)載(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻上就(jiu)能(neng)得(de)到(dao)隨光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)照(zhao)強(qiang)度(du)改動而改動的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)號。 光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)敏(min)(min)三極(ji)管(guan)除了具有(you)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)敏(min)(min)二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)能(neng)將光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信(xin)(xin)號變(bian)換成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)號的(de)功用外，還(huan)有(you)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)號擴大(da)的(de)功用。

光(guang)(guang)敏(min)(min)(min)三級管的(de)外(wai)型(xing)與通常三極(ji)(ji)(ji)管相(xiang)差不大(da)(da)，通常光(guang)(guang)敏(min)(min)(min)三極(ji)(ji)(ji)管只引出(chu)(chu)兩個極(ji)(ji)(ji)——發(fa)射極(ji)(ji)(ji)和集(ji)(ji)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)，基極(ji)(ji)(ji)不引出(chu)(chu)，管殼相(xiang)同開窗口，以便光(guang)(guang)線射入(ru)。為(wei)增大(da)(da)光(guang)(guang)照，基區面積做得很(hen)(hen)大(da)(da)，發(fa)射區較(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)，入(ru)射光(guang)(guang)主要(yao)被基區吸收(shou)。作業(ye)時(shi)集(ji)(ji)電(dian)結(jie)反偏(pian)，發(fa)射結(jie)正偏(pian)。在無(wu)光(guang)(guang)照時(shi)管子流(liu)(liu)(liu)過的(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)為(wei)暗電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)Iceo=（1+β）Icbo（很(hen)(hen)小(xiao)(xiao)），比(bi)通常三極(ji)(ji)(ji)管的(de)穿(chuan)透電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)還小(xiao)(xiao)；當有(you)光(guang)(guang)照時(shi)，激起很(hen)(hen)多的(de)電(dian)子-空穴對(dui)，使得基極(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)生的(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)Ib增大(da)(da)，此時(shi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)過管子的(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)稱為(wei)光(guang)(guang)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，集(ji)(ji)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)Ic=（1+β）Ib，可見光(guang)(guang)電(dian)三極(ji)(ji)(ji)管要(yao)比(bi)光(guang)(guang)電(dian)二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管具有(you)更高的(de)靈敏(min)(min)(min)度。