電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)里有密閉的(de)(de)腔，在(zai)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)位置開有通(tong)孔(kong)，每個孔(kong)連接不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)油(you)(you)管(guan)(guan)，腔中間(jian)是(shi)活(huo)塞，兩面是(shi)兩塊電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁鐵(tie)，哪面的(de)(de)磁鐵(tie)線圈(quan)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)閥(fa)體就(jiu)會(hui)被吸引(yin)到(dao)哪邊(bian)，通(tong)過(guo)控制(zhi)(zhi)閥(fa)體的(de)(de)移(yi)動(dong)來開啟(qi)或關閉不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)排油(you)(you)孔(kong)，而進油(you)(you)孔(kong)是(shi)常開的(de)(de)，液壓(ya)油(you)(you)就(jiu)會(hui)進入不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)排油(you)(you)管(guan)(guan)，然后通(tong)過(guo)油(you)(you)的(de)(de)壓(ya)力來推(tui)動(dong)油(you)(you)缸的(de)(de)活(huo)塞，活(huo)塞又帶動(dong)活(huo)塞桿(gan)(gan)，活(huo)塞桿(gan)(gan)帶動(dong)機械裝置。這樣(yang)通(tong)過(guo)控制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁鐵(tie)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流通(tong)斷就(jiu)控制(zhi)(zhi)了機械運動(dong)。

電磁閥(fa)從原理上分為三大類：

先導式電磁閥

原理：通(tong)電(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)磁力(li)把先導(dao)孔(kong)打開，上(shang)腔(qiang)室壓力(li)迅(xun)速下(xia)降，在(zai)關 閉件周圍形成(cheng)上(shang)低(di)(di)下(xia)高的壓差，流(liu)體壓力(li)推(tui)動(dong)(dong)關閉件向上(shang)移動(dong)(dong)，閥(fa)(fa)門打開；斷電(dian)(dian)時，彈簧力(li)把先導(dao)孔(kong)關閉，入口(kou)壓力(li)通(tong)過旁通(tong)孔(kong)迅(xun)速腔(qiang)室在(zai)關閥(fa)(fa)件周圍形成(cheng)下(xia)低(di)(di)上(shang)高的壓差，流(liu)體壓力(li)推(tui)動(dong)(dong)關閉件向下(xia)移動(dong)(dong)，關閉閥(fa)(fa)門。

德國GSR高壓電磁閥的工作原理是什么？

直動式電磁閥

原理：通電(dian)時，電(dian)磁線圈產生電(dian)磁力(li)把關(guan)閉(bi)件從閥(fa)座(zuo)上(shang)提(ti)起，閥(fa)門打開；斷電(dian)時，電(dian)磁力(li)消失(shi)，彈簧把關(guan)閉(bi)件壓在閥(fa)座(zuo)上(shang)，閥(fa)門關(guan)閉(bi)。

特點：在真(zhen)空、負壓、零壓時能正常工作，但通徑一(yi)般不(bu)超過25mm。

分步直動式電磁閥

原理：它(ta)是一種直動(dong)和(he)先(xian)(xian)導(dao)式相結合的(de)原理，當(dang)入口(kou)(kou)與出口(kou)(kou)沒有(you)壓(ya)(ya)差(cha)時(shi)(shi)，通電后，電磁力(li)(li)直接把先(xian)(xian)導(dao)小(xiao)(xiao)閥(fa)(fa)和(he)主閥(fa)(fa)關(guan)閉(bi)件依次(ci)向(xiang)上(shang)提起，閥(fa)(fa)門打(da)開(kai)。當(dang)入口(kou)(kou)與出口(kou)(kou)達到啟動(dong)壓(ya)(ya)差(cha)時(shi)(shi)，通電后，電磁力(li)(li)先(xian)(xian)導(dao)小(xiao)(xiao)閥(fa)(fa)，主閥(fa)(fa)下腔(qiang)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)上(shang)升(sheng)，上(shang)腔(qiang)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)下降(jiang)，從而利(li)用(yong)壓(ya)(ya)差(cha)把主閥(fa)(fa)向(xiang)上(shang)推開(kai)；斷電時(shi)(shi)，先(xian)(xian)導(dao)閥(fa)(fa)利(li)用(yong)彈簧力(li)(li)或介質壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)推動(dong)關(guan)閉(bi)件，向(xiang)下移動(dong)，使閥(fa)(fa)門關(guan)閉(bi)。

特點：在零(ling)壓差或真空(kong)、高壓時亦能動(dong)作，但功(gong)率較大(da)，要求(qiu)必(bi)須水平安裝。

1、流體(ti)壓(ya)力范圍上(shang)限較高(gao)，可任(ren)意安(an)裝（需定制）但(dan)必須滿足(zu)流體(ti)壓(ya)差條(tiao)件。

2、電(dian)磁閥從閥結構(gou)和材料(liao)上的(de)不同(tong)與原理上的(de)區別(bie)，分(fen)為六(liu)個分(fen)支小類：直(zhi)動(dong)膜片結構(gou)、分(fen)步(bu)直(zhi)動(dong)膜片結構(gou)、先導膜片結構(gou)、直(zhi)動(dong)活(huo)塞結構(gou)、分(fen)步(bu)直(zhi)動(dong)活(huo)塞結構(gou)、先導活(huo)塞結構(gou)。

3、電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)按(an)照(zhao)功能(neng)分類：水用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、蒸(zheng)汽電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、制冷(leng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、低(di)溫電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、消(xiao)防電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、氨用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、氣(qi)(qi)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、液體電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、微型電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、液壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa) 常開電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、油用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、防爆電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)等。